Looking to become a permanent U.S. citizen?
In U.S. immigration law, Naturalization refers to the process through which eligible green card holders acquire U.S. citizenship.
Naturalization
Eligibility
- To be eligible for naturalization in the United States, individuals generally must meet certain requirements, including being a permanent resident (green card holder), having resided in the U.S. for a specified period, demonstrating good moral character, and meeting all the other criteria.
Permanent Residency (Green Card)
- Before applying for naturalization, an individual typically needs to have held a green card (lawful permanent residency) for a certain period, usually five years or three years if married to a U.S. citizen.
Residency Requirements
- The continuous residence and physical presence requirements vary based on the individual’s specific circumstances. Generally, applicants must have been physically present in the U.S. for a certain number of years and maintain continuous residence. Whether the individual is working abroad for an authorized employer or has a re-entry permit also affects the residency requirement.
Good Moral Character
- Applicants for naturalization are required to demonstrate good moral character. Criminal convictions, failure to pay taxes, or other factors may affect an individual’s eligibility.
Naturalization Application (Form N-400)
- The naturalization process begins with the submission of Form N-400, Application for Naturalization, to the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). The application includes biographic information, details about the applicant’s background, and supporting documentation.
Biometrics and Interview
- After submitting the application, applicants undergo a biometrics appointment where fingerprints and photographs are taken. Subsequently, they attend an interview before a USCIS officer, during which the officer reviews the application, conducts a naturalization test, and assesses the applicant’s eligibility.
English Language and Civics Test
- Applicants must demonstrate proficiency in the English language, including reading, writing, and speaking. Additionally, they are required to pass a civics test covering U.S. government and history. Senior age and disability can waive some of these requirements.
Oath of Allegiance
- If the application is approved, the final step is taking the Oath of Allegiance at a naturalization ceremony. By taking the oath, the individual becomes a U.S. citizen, is issued a Naturalization certificate, and can apply for a U.S. passport.
What are the steps of Naturalization?
- Submit Form N-400
Complete and submit Form N-400, Application for Naturalization to USCIS. - Attend Biometrics Appointment
Attend a biometrics appointment for fingerprinting and photographs. - Interview with USCIS
Attend an interview where your N-400 application is reviewed, and you are tested on English language proficiency and U.S. civics. - Pass English and Civics Test
Demonstrate proficiency in English and pass a civics test on U.S. government and history. - Receive Decision and Oath Notice
USCIS decides on your application. If approved, you receive a notice to attend a naturalization ceremony to take the Oath of Allegiance. - Oath of Allegiance and Obtain Certificate
Attend the naturalization ceremony, take the Oath of Allegiance, and receive a Certificate of Naturalization, officially becoming a U.S. citizen. - Update Social Security Records and Obtain Passport
Update your Social Security records with your new status and consider applying for a U.S. passport.
Let’s navigate this journey together.
From one immigrant to another, we’re here for you.
HBM Law is an immigration-focused law firm representing foreign nationals, couples, and their families. We are bilingual lawyers specialising in U.S. visas, green cards, citizenships, waivers, and beyond. If you’re in need of compassionate, practical, and professional legal advice, our team looks forward to hearing from you.
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HBM Law is one of Iowa’s few immigration law firms who are predominantly immigrants with a laser focus on family immigration. We stay ahead of all things on immigration practices in U.S. immigration law. Our immigration firm offers specialized care and attention for immigration matters that are difficult to find elsewhere in Iowa.
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Principal immigration attorney, Himani Bhardwaj, is an Indian national who became a naturalized U.S. citizen in 2010. If you’re a foreign national seeking support for you or your family's immigration journey, the HBM law firm’s team understands the unique cultural and linguistic needs of immigrants and their families navigating the United States legal system. We are by your side to advocate for your rights ensuring your applications are handled with respect and compassion.
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